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Overview

Time Signature Vs Tempo

Does the time signature change affect the tempo ? Or atleast apparent or virtual tempo ?

First understand some background information :

  • Higher bpm means faster song. Here the "beat" refers to "real" beats.

  • A rhythm repeats after certain beats e.g. 4, 6 or 9 etc. We define bar = measure = Number of beats in bar. There is no confusion here.

  • A rhythm may have stronger emphasis after 2 or 3 or 4 beats interval.

  • Each beat may have inherent sub-beats (weaker) of 2 or 3 or 4. It is called by definition as == Meter == !!!

  • Often when we say, we have cycle of 9 beats repeatition, we really mean 3 beats repeatition with each beat subdivided into 3 (meter). Because you may want metronome at 3 beats boundary, not on all 9 beats !!! Compare this with 2 cycles music where you get alternative weak, strong beats.

  • We want a notation which is easy to write down and also express the meter/strong beats.

  • Time signature aids in this expression along with "metronome" marking.

  • Also we want to avoid writing triplet figure over every subdivided beat. Other than that there is no real significance for the denominator in time signature.

  • The bpm is usually referred as q = 60 bpm; Which implies 60 beats in minute with each beat annotated as "quarter" beat in sheet music. By default metronome is suggested one per quarter note duration.

  • For music of nature 6/8, we use denominator 8 for purely notational convenience and to avoid writing triplet figure over the notes in sheet music. Here we may expect a metronome strong beats at 1 (2 3), 4 (5 6). We mark the tempo in such cases like q. = 60 bpm; which hints that the overall speed of the beats/song is still same, but the weaker sub-beats are of divided by 3 in nature.

  • You may also come across tempo marking as e (eigth notes) = 60 bpm (suggesting faster song since metronome suggestion);

  • So one 6/8 song is not necessarily faster or slower than 4/4 song. It's meter is just different. The 4/4 songs typically divide the beats into sub weaker beats into 2 or 4 which often goes unnoticed.

  • Given same Midi file, if you change q = 60 bpm to q = 120 bpm, song will play twice faster. If you change the time signature from 4/4 to 2/4, nothing will change except, the bars will appear every 2 beats vs 4 beats and metronome will sound Tic-tac-Tic-tac vs Tic-tac-tac-tac.

    If you change the time signature to 6/8, it will deduce 3 quarter note duration in measure.

It specifies the lowest number of beats where the rhythm pattern repeats itself.

Now -- the denominator specifies beat - note relationship. i.e. 4 means 1 beat is 1/4 note. (standard). 2 means 1/2 and 8 means 1/8 th.

Why would you typically want to have higher denominator like 8 or 16 ?

  • It is fast paced song with high bpm. Let us say the inherent signature is 6/8. (Pattern repeats after 6 beats). If you say, time signature is 6/4.

Best Instruments

  • Violin - Typically you need one or two violin
  • Viola - Violin like with more Bass effect. Slightly bigger.
  • Cello - Big violin like resting on floor. Most bass.
  • Double Bass - Biggest violin family. Must rest on floor.

Instrs:Violin, range: B3-C#6; Cello, range: A2-C#5; Double Bass, range: A2-C#5

BGM - Background Music Composition

  • See Make Epic Film Music: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5rEVCFDj0JU
  • http://www.modernfilmcomposer.com/2015/03/cheatsheet-vstsplugins-film-composers-use/
  • Build a chord progresion first
  • Put chord progression into basic string parts (split instruments across chord progressions, play alternatively)
  • 2 violins + Viola (big violin with more bass) + Cello + Double Bass (Guitar)
  • Apply High Pass Filter to Strings to filter low freq not to conflict with other bass instruments.
  • For Bass, use Massive, Dhol, ...
  • Use Impact SFX from Assaults SFX Library for brief sweeping impact. Also use Kick with Reverb ..
  • Use "Sweeps" effect just before impact ... more like rocket travelling before exploding.
  • Use subdrops ... Deep lower frequency draws instinctual curious attention ...
  • Use Atmos library to add Atmospheric (surround naturual) outdoor sounds.
  • Best plugins:

Misc Terminologies

What is channel strip ?

  • Software equivalent of hardware unit with pre-amp, compressor, EQ, limiter, etc before connecting to DAW.
  • A way to store the settings of set of plugins.
  • IK Multimedia T-RackS 3 is one channel Strip
  • As a signal processing bundle ChannelStrip integrates everything you need to process the channels that make up a mix as well as process the entire mix bus.
  • Featuring an Expander, Compressor, multi-band EQ, and a limiter, ChannelStrip provides a unified interface for processing your tracks. It also includes phase invert, channel delay, comprehensive metering and SpectraFoo spectrum analysis - so you can see your audio as well as you can hear it.
  • Many of them comes with Mic impedance adjustment. Dynamic smaller mics have smaller impedance e.g. 1K ???

Virtual Audio Cable and Voiceemeter Banana

  • Windows has built-in volume mixers ... right click on speaker icon ... You can adjust volume per application. You can mute single application at any time ...
  • What you can not do out of the box ?
    • configuring input of skype to be output of my internal music player (without any loss) so that my partner can listen to that music. This can be achieved by using virtual audio cable input instead of Mic for skype. Or enable "listen to this device" option in system mic to listen to virtual input.
    • configuring input of skype to enable both my voice and my audio player at a time.
    • Record the output of the speakers in any DAW. You can configure mic to 'listen to speaker' or use virtual input cable to do this.
  • Voiceemeter banana allows you to do this convenient setup.

Open Questions

  • Best software for dubbing ? Adobe Audition or something else ?