FL Studio - Notes

Overview

  • Mainly has following UI components:
    • Channel Rack
    • Mixer
    • Playlist which contains Tracks which contains series of patterns.
  • There is no separate pattern editor. Channel Rack changes are stored atomically to current pattern.
  • Has Best pinao roll for midi composition.
  • The pattern idea is unique to FL Studio - Some what similar to scene in Ableton. The patterns should persist as part of project.
  • In Ableton, scenes could be temporary artifact, once it is used to record into session window, they can be deleted. There is pros and cons there. In songs, using the patterns makes things easier to reuse. For BGM, using patterns should be optional -- Forcing you to use patterns all the time can be inconvenient. You may just want to record something using keyboard with no intention of naming it with a pattern name (to prevent explosion of pattern naming space).
  • For non-trivial mixing FL Studio is bit unfriendly. It is difficult to visualize continuous stream of for given single instrument.
  • Midi mapping capabilities are good though not as good as in Ableton where macros supported by effects rack are explicitly displayed and mapped. Though in theory, you can also do similar mapping in FL Studio, it is more obvious to see in Ableton what macro parameters supported by vst to easily map with midi.
  • Mixer tracks and channel stack does not have 1:1 relation (In Ableton it is). So volume, pan controls of every instrument is not as clear as in Ableton.
  • Channel rack pan/volume controls are tiny and difficult to use. It is not resizable to make it look bigger.
  • Channel rack instruments get these: Mute/Select button, Pan, Volume. There is no separate solo button. (You should control click). This makes midi mapping of solo operation difficult.
  • Supports a powerful concept called "Patcher" where effects plugin pipeline can be created using GUI.

Tips

  • In project settings, next to signature (e.g. 4/4), you see PPQ setting (default 96) -- It is pulse per quarter note. It is MIDI concept which represents the event resolution.
  • You can convert audio to MIDI in FL Studio: https://ask.audio/articles/how-to-convert-audio-to-midi-in-fl-studio Performance of Edison engine for audio to MIDI is mediocre -- especially for polyphonic.
  • From channel rack, you can create a layer and set some channels as it's children. You can save the layer as layer preset and use it later as well. At bottom of channel track, you can use filters to list only audio clips and certain channel groups etc.
  • Time stretching and pitch shifting is possible. Import audio clip into playlist, right click => Channel Settings.
  • Create your own production folder and drag it to your project browser for quick browsing of your project assets.
  • Create your own snap icons in the browser. Super handy to filter just specific stuff to view.
  • Allow ghost notes in piano roll. Top left pull down => Helpers => Enable ghost notes.
  • Allow edit midi notes from both ends in piano roll. Top left pull down => Edit => Enable edit midi from both ends.
  • Increase undo history level. Options => General Settings => Undo history
  • Consolidate Midi tracks in playlist to ease the cpu. Creates audio clip from set of midi tracks and auto disables midi tracks. This is also called 'Freezing' and 'Unfreezing'.
  • You can group tracks in playlist -- Assign some tracks as children of parent track.
  • Options => Audio => Smart disable plugins is useful to ease cpus.
  • Mini playlist preview, enable 'Double height' so that you can easily see the overall preview at the top. Playlist => View => Mini Playlist Preview => Double height.
  • Step sequencer has been renamed to 'Channel Rack'. They are synonymous.
  • Configure Audio Settings => Preview Mixer Track => 99 (or so) to preview samples with different volume control. By default, it is directly routed to Master.

Antti Luode 1000 Free FLP Songs

He uses these plugins:

20 Pro-Tips

  • Enable editable ghosts from piano roll : Menu => Helpers => Editable Ghosts
  • Converting piano roll notes to pattern: All you need do is select Tools > Dump score to selected pattern.
  • The Stepsequencer overlays the Piano roll and so you can switch between but you must keep note length zero and positioning (on beat).
  • If you would like to convert a Piano roll to Step mode again, you need notes of zero length. Select all notes, set Snap to 'none' and Discard note lengths (Shift+D).

Global Swing

If 4 beats per bar are set, 'swing' holds odd 16th notes (1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15) at the expense of even 16th notes (2,4,6,8,10,12 and 16) in the bar. The control determines the amount of swing. NOTE: Each Channel has a Swing Multiplier knob under the 'Time' section. This allows you to set per-channel swing relative to the global setting.

If swing is set to 50% in 4/4 song, the counting is like this: 1..2.3..4.1..2.3..4.1..2.3..4.1..2.3..4.1..2.3..

Composing MIDI file

You can compose using multiple patterns and such. Finaly, Tools => Prepare for MIDI export, then File => Export Midi will do.

If you want to do it manually, then: Playlist => Edit => Merge pattern clips as described in this video https://youtu.be/jwCBPKc-Kyo?t=30s

Then with that merged clip, use the Piano Roll > File > Export As MIDI File... menu option --This will give you one MIDI for each channel in channel rack. (one per instrument) The resulting stems are more similar to the ones from cubase.

Reusing patterns in FL Studio

You can save the patterns as midi file ?? but it will lose information about the "instrument" used to create that pattern.

Reusing .wav files - Changing Tempo without affecting pitch

  • See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3VG7AvVm8HY
  • wav file are lossless format. (so are ALAC - Apple lossless Audio codec; FLAC - Free Lossless Audio Codec).
  • wav files can embed meta data. Use mp3tag to edit your metadata. See https://www.mp3tag.de/en/
  • Load it with edison, right click sample properties and enter tempo -- You define what the tempo of the sample. e.g. You may consider one tempo 90 bpm or 180 bpm -- neither is wrong. It is how you feel. Also when you want to refit the .wav from 90 bpm to 60 bpm, you mean slow the wav file down like (60/90) or 2/3rd; i.e. 1 min song should be stretched to 1.5 mins. 1.5 mins to 2.25 mins and so on. When you do the time stretching

Using Slide and Portamento Notes

  • Slide note feature represents not only Pitch Blender wheel action in keyboard (midi event) and much more ... since it applies to all effects parameters. So it is a cool way to automate using notes !!!

    Best Use cases:

    - Pan from Left to right
    - Velocity gradually rise relative volume of the note
    - Add vibrato effect by  with slide notes pitching up and down rapidly. 
    - Can use this pattern multiple times and remove it when not needed.
    
  • Pro Tip: Use slide notes for panning and volume automation !!!

  • Using slide notes (in piano roll) cause the notes below (or above) to reach the pitch of slide note gradually. It affects the notes of the same color only, does not affect other notes.

  • Works with only FL native plugins.

  • Portamento note means "quick transition to this note from previous". The portamento flag in the note causes a short slide in pitch from the end of one note to the note with the portamento flag. There is transition time attribute for the note. You just read the note like normal note, but just be aware that the begining of the note does not have a "rough jump".

  • As for MIDI: the MIDI specification specifies: When a Note-On is received after a Portamento Control message, the voice's pitch will glide from the key specified in the Portamento Control message to the new Note-On's pitch at the rate set by the portamento time controller.

  • Slide note specifies the starting of the glide to destination pitch. Portamento specifies that the starting point is "bit smoother" than otherwise.

Basic Tutorial

  • Interface is vector interface (resizes gracefully)
  • FL ASIO driver is great, low latency. Remember to switch on "Hard-clip output at zero DB", otherwise it applies built-in limiter ... so it sounds great during live, but the mix render will get clipped and sound different.
  • Use Options => General settings => Audio settings => Choose FL ASIO Driver, Adjust buffersize to make sure underruns stay at 0 and latency stays minimum (e.g 12 ms)
  • Concepts: Patterns, Channels, Channel Rack, Tracks, Effects, Generators, Presets (Plugin, Channel, Mixer)
  • Fruity LSD is built-in plugin which auto loads if you load and play midi file.
  • You can use automation channel on single channel or multiple built-in channels.
  • Sytrus is a good fruity built-in synth.
  • To select multiple mixer channels, click and drag.

  • Think mixer master control as the final block in the pipeline. To remove one particular mixer track going to master, just highlight the mixer track, then click the button below master, that will break the input. You can reroute one channel to another mixer track by clicking and dragging.

  • Understand this first :

    Pattern  == Channel Rack == Set of instruments with specific notes (created using piano roll for example).
    Playlist == Set of tracks. Represents the song.
    Playlist track  === Each track can contain any combination of patterns or plain audio samples or automation clips.
    Automation clip =>  Can be applied to track or multiple tracks. First select region of tracks, right click create automation track.
    
  • Typical playlist contains:

    Melody Track
    Percussion Track
    Bass  Track
    Vocal Track
    Pattern Event Automation Track -- - for example, Panning which happens inside the pattern ??? (To do: understand this better)
    Global Automation Envelope Track -- 
    

Playlist Typical Actions

  • Drag and drop multiple .wav files inside playlist, each .wav gets one track and associated channel rack.

From ask.video tutorial

  • The playlist tracks are just containers of your patterns and audio clips ... They don't have separate volume control which applies to the track. The volume controls belong to individual channels in patterns (channel racks). channel rack.
  • The instances of patterns in playlist is called 'clips'. e.g. Pattern clip, audio clip, etc. The clips can be sliced without changing the pattern definition and other instances.
  • MIDI routing and output: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j6y3mWGhEPw&list=PLDziShv_KE5aM19wqVr2OOCz8hUqJ-jsx&index=10
  • You create automation clip from pattern clip or audio clip in playlist -- by default, on creation, it appears on top of that clip. You can click drag and place it anywhere in playlist but it only applies to the clip(s) it is related to. The definition of that automation clip is created in the channel rack (pattern) it is originally created from. When automation clip is put on top of pattern clip, left top corner have icons to filter focus to only automation clips, etc.
  • From mixer track, right click, you can create automation clips from there. From effects of any built-in plugins, from any knob, right click, you can create 'automation clip' !!! For non-native plugins like nexus, the workaround to create automation clip on specific parameter supported by that plugin is to.... Go to browser => Current project => Generators => Click on Nexus or Massive etc => Select any one parameter, right click and create automation clip.
  • Ctrl + F8 shows Plugin Picker for FL Native plugins. To add non-native plugins, select one, right click enable option 'Add to plugin database'.
  • Set swing to 20% to randomize the rhythm (velocity) to add human touch.

Channel Rack

It contains custom sequences ... Each one bar size with 16 beats of each 1/4 of std quarter beat. You can think of this as 'custom sampler' as well. You can turn on/off any one of the 16 beats... Right click options available to say turn on every 4th beat, etc. Each channel in the rack represents an instrument like piano, snare, kick etc.

Any wav file can be saved in Data/Patches/Packs/.... directory and be available in Packs to create a channel based on it.

I/O Devices

You must select any ASIO driver. You can not deactivate specific I/O devices in general audio settings. However, all I/O devices are chosen from mixer config. Just select only the devices that you want to use for your Insert Tracks and Master Track.

If you are using the 'Primary Sound Driver' audio driver only one track at a time can output to the primary output (usually this is the Master Track). This limitation does not apply if you use an ASIO driver

Current Track

The specially named 'Current' track can only receive audio from the currently selected track. Its main purpose is to hold an Edison plugin, ready to record any selected tracks audio OR visualization plugins, such as WaveCandy.

FL20 Keyboard shortcuts

Also See:

Playlist :

Operation                                                             FL20 Shortcut               

Help (Context Sensitive)                                               F1                          

Undo (multiple levels)                                                 Ctrl+Alt+Z                  

Reset Playlist view / Toggle Zoom Level / Zoom clip.                   Ctrl + Rightclick           
                                                                       (Tip: Remember Ctrl as Zoom Control)

Close all open plugin windows                                          F12

Horizontal/Vertical zooming                                            Ctrl+scroll, Alt+Scroll
Horizontal  Scrolling                                                  Middle Press Move. Don't Shift+Scroll 
Vertical  Scrolling                                                    SCroll wheel.

Clone clip                                                             Shift+Click and drag.  (Release shift)
Clone clip auto place at end of track                                  Ctrl + B

Plugin Picker - List plugins already used in project.                  Ctrl + F8                   
Plugin Picker - List All plugins                                       F8                   

Group/Ungroup tracks                                                   G / Alt+G 


Preview Clip under cursor                                              Alt + Right click           
                                                                       (Tip: Remember Alt as Audio play) 

Region select                                                          Ctrl + click  Drag

Insert Time                                                            Make region: Ctrl+click drag; Ctrl+Insert
Delete Time                                                            Make region: Ctrl+click drag; Ctrl+Delete

Set Play Position                                                      Click on timebar. It remebers.
Start/Stop Playback                                                    Space
Pause Playback                                                         Ctrl + Space

Time Markers:

Add Time Marker                                                        Alt T
Add Auto Time Marker (Just names it Auto to edit later)                Ctrl T

Add Time Signature Change Markers (Select Time Region First)           Better Use Top Left Pull down menu.
                                                                       (Shift+Alt+T is clumsy)

Advanced Marker operations                                             Use Top Left Pull down or Marker Lane Menu 
(Purpose of Marker: Start/Loop/Signature/Punch in-out recording).      Define Marker type. 

Piano Roll:

Transpose notes up/down.                                              Shift + Up/Down Arrows
Transpose notes up/down Octaves.                                      Ctrl + Up/Down Arrows
Alt + E                                                               Random Piano RIFF generation. For inspiration.

Alt + V                                                               Toggle Ghost Notes

To assign color for notes.                                            Alt C                       
Select notes of current color.                                        Shift C                     

Quantize.                                                             Turn on magnet icon OR Ctrl + Q                    
Quantize with detailed (More) options.                                Alt  + Q                    

Alt + RCLick                                                          Audtion clip / Notes


Alt +X                                                                Bulk control - Level scaling

Mixer Window :

Select multiple tracks        Ctrl + Shift - Click drag

Reorder/Move tracks           Alt+Arrows ; Shift+Arrows do same thing. (You should not click, just hover).

Alt + S                       Solo in the mixer.

Auto assigning Mixer track short cuts:

Go to Mixer Track, then right click  'Auto assign selected channels to this track/from this track onwards'.
  • Ctrl-Drag for fine adjustments, Shift-Drag to escape from snapping.
  • Alt+Click or middle-click is for quick reset .

Dumping Score log of last 3 mins (or so)

Just keep playing random stuff in midi keyboard ... if you like certain stuff then you can then dump it on piano roll of any selected pattern in FL studio ...

Dump Score log dumps what ever midi keys you were playing though you didn't record. Equivalent to 'Capture' functionality in Ableton.

Common Operations in FL20

Adding generator to channel rack (step sequencer)

Press + sign or use Add button at top etc. you can add vst instrument, drum rack or audio clip, no problem.

Setting the length of the channel

Easier in step sequencer mode. Just resize window. For setting longer length for single channel, use piano roll mode. Long audio clips cause no problems.

Making a pattern

Pattern is a snapshot of your channels with some set of notes.

If a channel is audio clip, the pattern may refer to a portion of the audio file. Any change you make on channel immediately affects the "current pattern" definition.

You may want to rename Pattern1 as "Temp" to avoid changing it accidentally. Best way to create a modified pattern is to do "Make it unique" operation.

See demo for "make it unique" operation using Kusaji: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nEL0mcrUGes

You may want to review the pattern in loop, preview a sub-pattern, adjust the length of the pattern ...

Positioning/cloning/resizing clips in playlist

It has weird key bindings, be careful!

Use "paste mode" only to paste and quickly change to pencil mode or select mode.

Right click does pasting, not the left click! Double pasting or right clicking deletes the clip!!!

Wait until + bar to appear before moving clip.

Shift click clones the clip but you get no clues about it!

Keep the "Undo History" window open to get a hint of what operations you are doing.

You can not "undo" most of your operations, so be careful, and keep saving your project as different versions!!

To access "make it unique", context menu, you can not use right click, but should exactly click at left top corner.

The bulk select mode is only for select and does not influence your start/end time markers.

The multi-select shortcut is Shift+Ctrl+Left Click !!! Warning The common error is to use Shift+Click and you end up cloning stuff and get frustrated !!! This multi-select shortcut is also applicable in selecting mixer tracks.

The Ctrl+click and drag is to select region. while region is highlighted you can play the region. There is no temporary start/end markers supported in playlist. Playlist always start on bar 1. You can have any number of time markers and explicitly select the region each time you want to review the region in playlist.

The copy/paste actions ctrl-c and ctrl-v does not work reliably. The ctrl-B is more reliable but it auto-pastes at the first available slot at end.

To move a clip: In draw mode (p - pencil), click and drag. To clone clip: Shift+click then release shift and drag to new place. Shift key restricts movement to being horizontal only.

Warning Just left click operation is interpreted as 0 movement operation !!! It does not give any visual feedback as if nothing is happening!!

In draw mode (P - Pencil), you can move clip, with out selecting first !!! E-Select is only for selection. z-Zoom mode makes it easy to zoom areas only. Again, You can zoom areas which is currently not selected!!! The track right click menu appears only in draw (P-Pencil) mode!!!

Zooming

All following for playlist only.

Alt + Scroll for vertical zoom. And Scroll for vertical scroll.

Ctrl+Scroll for horizontal zoom. Middle press and drag for horizontal scroll.

Warning Shit+Scroll does not do horizonta scroll !!! It moves clip under cursor to slide horizontally !!!

Reset playlist view is important common opreation:

  • In All Modes: Ctrl+Right Click. Also toggles zoom level between last position and global view
  • In Z-Zoom mode: Just Right click to reset playlist view.

Zoom Area:

  • Select area after going to zoom mode (z)
  • Ctrl + Right click select area in any mode.
  • Ctrl + Right click on a clip to zoom the clip. (Also to toggle zoom)

Warning The ESC operation closes the window -- not for canceling the current selection.

Looping a segment

  • Make time markers and mark a time marker to loop. Just double click marker to choose that region.
  • Ctrl-click drag and make region; L to switch between channel, playlist, piano roll for looping purpose.

Common Operations Shortcut comparison

Operation           FLStudio            Ableton     Comments

Clone               Shift+Click         Ctrl+D      Only in FL playlist. Beware: Do not clone trying to select.

Delete              Ctl-X                           In FL, D to enter delete mode and click.

Deselect            Ctrl+D 

Multi-Select        Shift+Ctl+Click                 Only in FL playlist and mixer. Beware: Do not use Shift+Click.

Undo                Ctrl+Alt+Z                      FL: It is CAZ not CSZ. 

Redo                Ctl+Z                           FL: At last step, it toggles undo/redo.

Reset Layout        C S H                           Tip: H For Reset Height!. 

Audion Clip         Alt + Rclick                    Preview clip under cursor.

Reorder Tracks      Alt + Arrows                    FL: Sequencer and Mixer only. For Playlist, use right click menu

ToDo

Look at a small song project which is composed using patterns and automation.

FL20 Mixer

  • You can have groups of insert tracks.

  • Possible to route the audio of any Mixer Track directly to an ASIO output and or to another Insert Track.

  • To independently control volume per channel you have channel volume control within channel rack. There is no automatic volume control for channel rack -- You need mixer insert slot for that. Or you can group all channels in the rack, then you get one volume control right there.

  • The insert tracks 100 to 103 is reserved as "Return Tracks". By default for every insert track, 0% of signal is sent to these 100-103 tracks. And 100% is sent to Master Track.

  • Relation mapping :

    Source              Relation   Destination       Comments
    
    Channel Rack        N x 1      Insert Track      By default output goes to Master Track directly.
    (Pattern)                                        Multiple channel racks can send output to single Insert Track.
                                                     Single channel Rack can send output to atmost 1 insert track.
                                                     If N > 1, the insert track acts like a "submixer", sharing the
                                                     volume control and effects applied.
    
    Insert Track        N x 1      Master Track      Master track controls master volume and final effects applied only.
    
    Insert Tracks       N x M      Output Tracks     Insert Track can receive inputs from multiple channel-racks and other insert tracks.
                                                     If M > 1, the insert track is called  "Send Track" (like analog send tracks).
                                                     The "Send Level" can be dialed to control how much to send.
                                                     Send Track usage pattern is to send "100 %" dry signal to Master and 
                                                     say, 10% signal to one reverb1 insert (return effect) track and another 10% signal
                                                     to another delay1 insert (return) track.
                                                     If a track receives multiple other tracks partial input, this is called "Return Track".
    
    Send Track          1 x N       Return Tracks    One insert track can send output to multiple return tracks e.g.  reverb, delay, etc.
    
    Hardware Inputs     1? x N      Insert Tracks    One Insert Track can optionally record atmost one hw input. 
                                                     However multiple insert tracks can record same mic input in parallel.
    
    Insert tracks       N  x 1?     HW Outputs       Insert record, in addition to sending it's output to Master/other tracks, 
                                                     can send output to atmost 1 hw output e.g. speaker directly.
    
  • Given an insert track, you can detect the inputs and output tracks by right click Select => Tracks routed to this track.

  • FL Studios Playlist is not bound to any 'Instrument' or 'Mixer' Track.

Automation Techniques in FL

  • Two ways: Events and Automation Clips.
  • To use event automation, right click on volume slider => Edit Events => Draw curves, it creates automation track in playlist. Or play record (enable record automation is enabled), while recording change volumes, it creates similar automation track.
  • To create automation clip, right click on volume slider => Create automation clip; It creates automation track with line -- It provides vector beizier curve controls to shape the curve, instead of free drawing of Event editing window. Automation clip is preferred over event clips since changing them is easier.
  • Note: You can start with event editor to create event clip and use option "Convert this to automation clip" to get automation clip with control points.
  • Automation controls are essential component of music composition -- Not an optional "nice to have" thing. A melody and music is not just a set of notes --- volume changes are integral component of the melody. In midi, it is represented as 'velocity' events. If you choose to "re-record" your .wav clips live while changing the volume and consolidate them, then there is no need for automation clips in final playlist. However, without automation clips, you lose the information about how you got to the final clip right from the midi clip in the first step. Also you lose the ability to do some fine changes later if you freeze too early.
  • You can create automation envelope for 3rd party vst plugin !!! See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=swSyq_6-l5I&list=PLHXwArmcoXTgkVUoY-6LTMj8U_9wLF8n7 Just tweak the plugin control, Then Go to FL Menu Tools => Create Automation Envelope for Last tweaked control.
  • The candidates for automation:
    • Mixer Controls - volume sliders, Panning, etc. [ Right click - Create Automation Clip ]
    • Effects Controls - [ Right click to create Automation Clip ]
    • VST Parameters - [ Tweak VST Parameter, then FL Menu Tool => Last Tweaked => Create Automation Clip. No CC involved ]
    • Note: There is no direct MIDI CC Automation Clip. You should map midi cc to VST or DAW control then you can create automation clip for that.

Wet dry mix

Most signal processing units or software have a 'wet/dry mix' to determine the proportion of mix between the original (dry) and 'effected' (wet) signals. For effects like a single echo, you will definitley want to hear both the dry and wet sound.

FL20 Layout tips

  • See Best way to customize: In the Mix: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gccrd4V2T7Q
  • configure mixer as 'extra wide' option using top bar. Also choose wave form instead of bouncing bars.
  • Mixer go to left top view => Enable => Colorful mixer => High. Good colors.

Exporting Audio Stems

In FL20, the stems have 1:1 relation with mixer tracks. All .wav files are created one per mixer channel. File => Export => Wave Files

Exporting Project Bones

It is best way to share patterns and automations between projects. File => Export => Project Bones; Then import it in another project.

Adding MySamples to FL browser

Options => File => Add Extra folders ; Choose your folder and give a name to show up in FL browser.

Working with Video

Load video into channel rack. First thing, right click, make it detached ... so that pattern size limitation does not apply to video player. otherwise it will keep looping after pattern size.

Recording Audio/Midi with FL Studio

Recording multi-track audio: See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bJQJEYPJ3MM

To record multi-track audio:

  • Mute Master
  • Choose 3 mixer tracks and corresponding mic inputs, Arm recording button using double right click and give your own file name like guitar.wav or myvoice.wav, etc.
  • Hit record and choose playlist to record into.

Keymapping in FL 20

MIDI Controller Mapping with FL Studio

The mappings are stored inside FL Studio folder System/Config/Mapping/Generic/M-Audio49/Sytrus.flmapping

Map first 4 sliders to Mixer volume controls. You can reuse the same sliders to something else while in another plugin window.

See how to work with Novation Impulse 25 : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EnAXUznNMP4