After Effects Notes: Resolution Notes: ============================================================================================================================ Type Space/Sec Space/Min Space/Hr Examples Dimension FPS ============================================================================================================================ BM 4K - MOV HQ - 90 MB/Sec 5.2GB/Min 315GB/Hr 5.5 GB/63 Secs; 6.4GB/73 3840 x 2160 23.976 BM 4K - RAW CDNG 192 MB/Sec 11.5GB/Min 690GB/Hr 17.4GB/91 Secs 4000 x 2160 23.976 GH4 - 4K Mov 31 MB/Sec 1.9GB /Min 113GB/Hr 2.3 GB/73 Secs 3840 x 2160 24 RED 4K 168 MB/Sec 1.52GB/9 Secs 5120 x 2700 24 BM FHD - MOV HQ 21.5 MB/Sec 1.3 GB/Min 77 GB/Hr 819MB/38 Secs; 1920 x 1080 23.976 BM FHD - RAW 55-60 MB/Sec 3.6 GB/Min 216.GB/Hr 510MB/8secs; 4.68GB/85 secs 1920 x 1080 30 GH4 - FHD MOV 3 MB/Sec 180 MB/Min 10.8GB/Hr 550MB/3mins 1920 x 1080 24 BM 4K RAW to FHD H264 14 MB/Sec 0.84GB/Min 50GB/Hr 350MB/25 Secs 1920 x 1080 24 Helicam FHD 10 MB/Sec 0.6 GB/Min 36GB/Hr 1920 x 1080 24 RED RAW to FHD MOV HQ 27 MB/Sec 270 MB/Min 16.2 GB/Hr 2048 x 1080 24 MP4 Lynda Footage MP4 15 fps 54 KB/Sec 3.3MB/Min 200MB/Hr 10 MB / 3Min 25 MB / 7.39 Mins 1280 x 720 ============================================================================================================================ Notes: MOV HQ = Apple Pro Res HQ (compression quality = 5 i.e. Most) MP4 = MPEG Movie - Compression Quality is not known by looking at file header. 2K Digital = 2048 x 1080 = 2.2 Mega Pixels ; 4 bytes per pixel means 10 MB / Sec. 24 FPS. Max: 240 MB/Sec 4K Digital = 4096 × 2160 = 8.8 megapixels ; 4 bytes per pixel means 40 MB / Sec. 24 FPS. Max: 1 GB/Sec approx. What kind of data BM Raw produces like 200 MB / Sec instead of expected 20 MB / Sec ? A Blueray disk contains around 50 GB. Feature film is delivered as DCP (Digital Cinema Package). Size is about 90 to 300 GB data. Fits within around 2 to 4 blueray disks. For the DCP sound component of the content the specification provides for up to 16 channels of uncompressed audio using the "Broadcast Wave" (.wav) format at 24 bits and 48 kHz or 96 kHz sampling. DCP Playback is controlled by an XML-format Composition Playlist, into an MXF-compliant file at a maximum data rate of 250 Mbit/s. (i.e. approx 30 MB/Sec max data limit) GH4 Tips: - Keep I-Dynamic Off - Put in Cine-D mode for flat video good for post processing. - Read EOSD.com guide for gh4 Blackmagic Tips: - You can edit one DNG file using Photoshop, use action recorder, apply same effects to all images in the sequence. - See http://adobe.ly/OmYthD http://adobe.com/dng - color management of output profile of your delivery color space (99 times out of 100 it’s Rec. 709). Creating a master from Adobe After Effects - From: http://wolfcrow.com/blog/the-adobe-after-effects-export-guide-part-one-codecs/ I prefer these settings in general for your master: Cinema, Shorts, Documentaries and Broadcast: Uncompressed DPX sequence (10-bit log) or uncompressed TIFF (16-bit linear). 32-bit is only if you’re sending files further down for heavy VFX. No exceptions! Blu-ray and DVD: Standards are fixed to H.264 and MPEG-2. Use the maximum data rate possible, and I recommend using Encore after having created a master in Adobe Media Encoder. Unfortunately, Adobe has killed Encore. 1080p Internet and Mobile Device: 8-10 Mbps H.264 720p Internet and Mobile Device: 5 Mbps H.264 SD Internet and Mobile Device: 1 or 2 Mbps H.264 Resources: https://helpx.adobe.com/after-effects/tutorials.html http://www.hongkiat.com/blog/adobe-after-effect-tutorials-beginners-intermediate-advanced-users/ http://after-effects.wonderhowto.com/how-to/create-fringe-style-floating-titles-adobe-after-effects-cs4-cs5-382998/ https://www.youtube.com/user/LongLiveMikey Adobe Archives and Tutorials from adobe.com: https://helpx.adobe.com/after-effects/atv/cs5-cs55-tutorials.html https://helpx.adobe.com/after-effects/tutorials.html - A video is 2D set of pixels - Each having RGBA channels. Red,Green,Blue,Alpha. Every effect you apply changes the final output. The opacity changes using masks and keylight effects changes the Alpha channel value for the given pixels. When creating mask or shape layers in After Effects the most important thing to remember is this: If a layer is selected, you are creating a mask. If a layer is not selected, you are creating a shape layer. Paint Bucket Keying: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D7jueRoMt_Q Apply masks to selected region: https://helpx.adobe.com/after-effects/how-to/apply-effects-masks.html - Right click on Mask in composition window, select track Mask to enable mask tracking. - Click on stop clock to create time keyframe. - Always render using composition => Add to Adobe Media Encoder Queue. - Precompose some layers and *Pre-render* them by choosing Add-to-render Queue and Output module settings => Post-Render Action => Import & Replace Usage. - You can select Text path options set to custom path then animate using left margin property. - Use faster shutter speed for better effects to prevent motion blur in green screen. I.e. Increase ISO, faster shutter speed, more aperture. Use paint bucket for green screen: Blending mode: Stencil Alpha; Invert Fill; - Drag the fill point marker from the effect to the green screen area. - You can also save masks as animation presets. (See Animation presets.) - When you purchase design elements (ink, smoke, and fireworks) they often come on a black/white background. You can quickly strip out the background of these elements using Set Matte in Adobe After Effects. Use these fx effects: Set Matte; Remove Color Matting; Fill https://library.creativecow.net/articles/fernandes_nelson/find_edges_mask/video-tutorial - Get used to precompose layers. - https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2009/05/the-ultimate-motion-graphics-tutorials-round-up/ Billboard Composition: - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tigwhUtwmCE - Use effects => Motion Tile. To find edges: Effect => Stylize => Find Edges. Layer => Auto-Trace. You can create a new layer with trace information. Green Screen Tips: - Always use garbage mask. - Do not use the keylight output directly. Use this only as luma mat. - Do not expect to cut out all greens at one go. - Use adobe after_effects_reference.txt file to search for topics. Tips for working with track mattes • Use the Levels effect to increase the contrast between light and dark parts of the matte layer. This reduces the problem of having a lot of mid-range values, which translate to partial transparency. (Usually, mattes are most useful when they define areas as entirely transparent or entirely opaque, except at the edges.) • To use a channel other than the alpha channel of the matte layer as a matte, use one of the Channel effects (such as the Shift Channels effect) to route the desired channel’s value into the alpha channel. • To animate a track matte to move with the layer that it’s matting, make the track matte a child of the layer that it’s matting. (See Parent and child layers.) All Indian films are in 24FPS. The 16:9 is 1.78 aspect ratio is most common for the camera. Camera AspectRatio Resolution DataRate Comments 2K Scope (2.39:1) 2048x858 2K Flat (1.85:1) 1998x1080 2K Full (1.90:1) 2048x1080 4K Scope (2.39:1) 4096x1716 4K Flat (1.85:1) 3996x2160 4K Full (1.90:1) 4096x2160 GH4 4K 1.78 3840x2160 16:9 GH4 FHD 1.78 1920x1080 DJI 4K 1.78 3840x2160 BM4K Raw 1.85 4000x2160 BM4K ProRes 1.78 3840x2160 The 4:3 aspect ratio is 1.33 Shortcut Keys: Ctrl-D Duplicate layer S+Crl+D Split Layer [ Remove left segment in timeline. ] Remove right segment in timeline. ` Grave. Maximize/Restore current panel. UU Show only modified properties S Show scale property P Show position property. Z and Alt Zoom In, then zoom out. RAM Preview Codecs Comparison: - H264 (same as MPEG-4) is the most popular consumer codec and most other codecs designed to be intermediate codec for video processing. (released around 2003 only protected by patents). - ProRes is a lossy video compression format developed by Apple Inc. for use in post-production that supports up to 8K. It and was introduced in 2007 - Prores uses Variable bitrate (VBR) encoding. - Prores uses Normal 147 Mbit/s and High-Quality 220 Mbit/s and ProRes (LT) 100Mbit/s as well as ProRes Proxy for HD 45Mbit/s for HD resolution at 60i. - E.g. Max bit rates for 2K resolution for Prores: Resolution FPS ProRes 4444 ProRes 422 (HQ) ProRes 422 ProRes 422 (LT) ProRes 422 (Proxy) 2048 x 1152 25fps 315 Mbps 210 Mbps 140 Mbps 97 Mbps 43 Mbps - Prores 422 uses 10 bits(4:4:2) - Only 4:4:4 RGB and YCbCr is lossless compression. (12 bit) - ProRes 4444 and ProRes 4444 XQ are lossy video compression formats developed by Apple Inc. for use in post-production and include support for an alpha channel. (16 bit) - Use AnotherGui.org tool as front end for ffmpeg Chroma subsampling is the practice of encoding images by implementing less resolution for chroma information than for luma information, taking advantage of the human visual system's lower acuity for color differences than for luminance. - 4:2:2 Y'CbCr scheme requires two-thirds the bandwidth of (4:4:4) R'G'B'. Y (luma) encodes luminance and Chroma Cb and Cr are color difference components. It is used in many video encoding schemes — both analog and digital — and also in JPEG encoding. gamma is the name of a nonlinear operation used to code and decode luminance or tristimulus values in video. V.out = A * (V.in)^gamma Gamma encoding of images is used to optimize the usage of bits when encoding an image. Human vision follows an approximate gamma or power function, with greater sensitivity to darker tones than between lighter ones. - GH4 records only in 8 bits color depth or so where as blackmagic uses atleast 10 or 12 bits. - Avid DNxHD stands for "Digital Nonlinear Extensible High Definition" supports upto 1080p only. - DNxHD data is typically stored in an MXF container, although it can also be stored in a QuickTime container. - DNxHR codec supports resolutions greater than 1080p, such as 2K and 4K Alt-Click on Stopwatch to enter animation expression. VIM TIP: :browse old for recent vim files. '0 to jump to the last file. Examine DPX files: Use Imagemagick program which gives you following command line utilities: identify imdisplay convert filename.jpg filename.png Commentary on Available Video/E-Book Resources: *. Video Copilot. Author Andrew Cramer is awesome. His basic training comes with intro and green screen footage for exercise. Apart from that he has lot of tips tutorial on his you-tube channel. He also sells lens flare pro plugin. His ActionEssentials 2 DVD Video tutorial includes stock footages and elements for action movies like fire, bullets, etc. *. Lynda Basic training worth starting from. So many Lynda tutors/videos are there - some authors are good, some boring. 2015 CC Essential training is by: Ian Robinson. They start with some stupid complex surf logo to animate to start with. Good to skim through to understand the overall capabilities, but don't bother about using their exercises. The introduction to 3D, camera, materials, using media encoder are all good to be familiar with. *. FAQS * How to deal with 23.976 fps source footage ? Appendix ShortCuts for After Effects ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Purpose ShortCut Comments Split Layer Ctrl Shift D Basis for doing any edits. Limit work area Drag workarea marker Lift or Extract workarea Rightclick on workarea Ram Preview of workarea Numlock 0 Create Marker Dragmarker Play composition Click on artwork on upperright. Shortcuts for Adobe Premiere ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Purpose shortcut Comments Razor Tool c cut, copy, paste Ctrl-x,c,v Undo, Redo Ctrl-Z, Ctrl+Shift-Z Ripple Delete Shift Delete Weird GoTo Next Edit Point Down, Up Next Edit On AnyTrack Shift+Down, Up Maximize/Restore Frame ` Play Around K Play Keys Space, Shift Space, Ctrl-Space Mark In, Out i, o Goto Mark In, Out I, O Clear In, Out, Both Ctrl+Shift+I, O, X Weird The above shortcuts are weird, so Choose Avid shortcuts option for Premiere Pro. Choose Avid for Resolve also, so that we use Avid shortcuts everywhere by default. Shortcuts for Adobe Premiere when configured to use Avid 5 keyboard shortcuts. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Purpose shortcut Comments Razor Tool r instead of c cut, copy, paste Ctrl-x,c,v Undo, Redo Ctrl-Z, Ctrl-R Ripple Delete Shift Delete Still Weird GoTo prev/Next Edit Point s, a Maximize/Restore Frame ` Play Around K Play Keys Space, Shift Space, Ctrl-Space Mark In, Out i, o Goto Mark In, Out q, w Clear In, Out, Both d, f, g Mark Clip Alt-T Add Marker Num* Mostly use Tools GUI panel for edits for Ripple Edit, Rolling Edit, Slip Tooli, Slide Tool, etc. Selection Of Shots ---------------------- BM4K ProRes HQ as Shot BM4K ProRes HQ + CG BM4K Raw as Shot BM4K Raw + CG GH4 4K as Shot GH4 4K + CG GH4 FHD as Shot GH4 FHD _ CG BM-Personal FHD Raw as Shot BM-Personal FHD Raw + CG BM-Personal ProRes as Shot BM-Personal ProRes + CG Acceptable Qube Resolution: 2048 x 858 or 1920x808 10 bit AspectRatio 2.39 DNG Images: 4000x2160 LUTs: LUTs can be applied for ProRes or Raw. The Film or Film Log mode LUTs classification applicable for Raw mode only ???